Road Rules – Legal and Regulatory Requirements for RVers

Licensing and Registration

Driver’s License Requirements

• Standard Licenses: For most smaller RVs (typically those under 26,000 pounds or 11,793 kilograms), a standard driver’s license is sufficient.
• Special Licenses: Larger RVs, especially those over 26,000 pounds, might require a special license, such as a commercial driver’s license (CDL) or a specific non-commercial license depending on the state. It’s important to check the local DMV regulations as they can vary widely.
• State-Specific Regulations: Some states have unique requirements based on the length, weight, or type of RV. For example, California requires a non-commercial Class B license for motorhomes over 40 feet but less than 45 feet.

RV Registration

• Initial Registration: When you first purchase an RV, it must be registered with your state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Registration typically involves paying a fee, which can vary based on the RV’s size, value, and the state in which you register.
• Renewal: RV registration is not a one-time process; it needs to be renewed annually or biennially, depending on state laws.
• Documentation Required: To register an RV, you will need proof of ownership, proof of insurance, and possibly a passing emissions test result or safety inspection certificate, depending on the state.

Differences by State

• Fees and Taxes: Registration fees can differ significantly. Some states charge a flat fee, while others base the fee on the RV’s weight, age, or value.
• Emissions and Safety Inspections: Some states require RVs to pass emissions tests and safety inspections either upon registration or periodically.
• Temporary Registrations: For those buying an RV in one state and registering it in another, temporary registrations are available to legally drive the RV to the destination where it will be permanently registered.

Full-time RVers

• Choosing a State for Registration: Full-time RVers often choose to register their RV in a state with favorable tax rates, lower registration fees, or specific legal protections for full-timers. Popular states for this include South Dakota, Texas, and Florida, due to their lack of state income tax and relatively simple residency requirements. Read more here..RV Life: Choosing a Domicile State
• Legal Residency: Establishing legal residency is crucial for full-time RVers, not just for registration but also for voting, tax purposes, and compliance with state laws.

Types of RV Insurance

• Liability Insurance: This is mandatory in almost every state and covers damages or injuries you cause to others while operating your RV. Liability coverage does not protect your own RV or personal injuries.
• Collision Insurance: This coverage pays for damage to your RV if you hit another vehicle or object, no matter who is at fault. It’s vital for protecting your investment in your RV.
• Comprehensive Insurance: Apart from collision, if your RV gets damaged due to theft, vandalism, fire, or acts of nature like storms and floods, comprehensive insurance covers these non-collision incidents.
• Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Protection: Unfortunately, not all drivers carry enough insurance. This coverage protects you if another driver is at fault in an accident but doesn’t have sufficient insurance to cover your damages.

Specialized Coverages

• Total Loss Replacement: For newer RVs, some policies offer replacement cost coverage that provides you with a new RV of a similar make and model if your RV is totaled.
• Personal Effects Coverage: This covers personal items inside your RV, such as electronics, clothing, and other belongings, which are not typically covered under standard RV insurance policies.
• Roadside Assistance: Similar to auto insurance, this coverage offers towing, tire changes, and other emergency services which are invaluable when you’re stranded.

Factors Influencing Insurance Costs

• RV Type and Value: The type, age, and value of your RV will significantly influence the insurance premiums. Generally, larger and more expensive RVs will cost more to insure.
• Usage Frequency: Full-time RVers face higher premiums because they use their RVs as their primary residence, which increases risk exposure.
• Driving History and Location: Your past driving record and where you park your RV can impact your insurance rates. Higher risks of theft or vandalism in certain areas can lead to higher premiums.

State-Specific Requirements

• Each state has different minimum requirements for RV insurance. For instance, some states might require additional liability coverage due to higher risk factors associated with RV use in those areas.
• Full-Time RVer Insurance: If you’re living in your RV full-time, you’ll need a policy that offers broader liability coverage and additional living expenses if your RV is damaged and uninhabitable during repairs.

Choosing the Right Policy

• Shop Around: It’s advisable to get quotes from multiple insurance companies to compare coverage options and rates.
• Read the Fine Print: Understand what is and isn’t covered, especially concerning deductibles and limits.
• Consult with an Insurance Agent: Especially if you’re new to RVing, speaking with a professional can help clarify what type of coverage best fits your needs based on your specific circumstances and travel plans.

Two Insurance Companies Worth Considering

For full-time RVers looking for suitable vehicle insurance, both Progressive and Good Sam are highly recommended options.

Progressive is noted for offering affordable rates and a variety of discounts, which could be advantageous for budget-conscious RVers. They provide comprehensive coverage options including pest protection, pet injury coverage, and vacation liability, which make them a favorite among many RV owners​

Good Sam – managed through National General and backed by Allstate, is tailored more specifically towards RVers, offering benefits like full-time coverage that mimics homeowners insurance, making it ideal for those who live in their RVs permanently. They provide extensive coverage options, including emergency expense allowance, full-timer coverage, and coverage for personal belongings​(

Both companies receive high marks for customer support and satisfaction, with Good Sam being especially noted for its comprehensive benefits that cater well to the full-time RVer’s unique needs​(

Ultimately, the best choice depends on your specific needs, coverage preferences, and budget. It’s wise to compare the offerings and discounts each provides and consider how their coverage options align with your lifestyle as a full-time RVer.

Understanding Zoning Laws

RV Parks and Campgrounds

• Regulations and Standards: RV parks and campgrounds are regulated differently from residential areas and usually have specific standards for spacing, utilities, and access. These regulations ensure safety and accessibility but can vary widely between parks and states.
• Long-Term Stays: Some RV parks offer long-term or seasonal stays, which might be subject to different regulations than short-term stays, including lease agreements and utility hook-up requirements.

Parking on Public Lands

• Boondocking (Dry Camping): Many RVers enjoy boondocking on public lands, which is generally allowed by various government entities like the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service. However, there are limits on how long you can stay in one place, typically around 14 days before you must move.
• Permit Requirements: Some public lands require permits for camping, especially in popular or sensitive areas. It’s crucial to check if any permits are needed and adhere to all guidelines to preserve these natural resources.

Homeowner Association (HOA) and Community Regulations

• HOA Rules: If you’re parking an RV in a community governed by a Homeowner Association, you’ll need to check the HOA’s covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs). These often include rules about the type of RVs allowed, where they can be parked, and for how long.
• Community Pushback: In some cases, community norms or aesthetic considerations lead to stricter regulations on RV parking, even beyond what zoning laws may dictate.

City and County Ordinances

• Parking Restrictions: Cities and counties often have their own ordinances that can restrict RV parking on public streets or even in driveways. These regulations can include limitations on the size of the vehicle, how long it can be parked in one place, and specific requirements for off-street parking.
• Utility Connections: Local ordinances might also govern how RVs connect to electricity, water, and sewer services, especially in residential areas, to ensure safety and compliance with public health regulations.

Navigating Legal Restrictions

• Legal Assistance: Because of the complexity and variability of zoning laws and parking regulations, it might be wise to consult with a local attorney or zoning expert, especially if you plan to make an RV your permanent residence.
• Stay Informed: Laws and regulations can change, so RVers need to stay informed about the legalities of their chosen parking locations, especially if they move frequently.

• Towing Equipment: Using the correct towing equipment such as hitches, tow bars, and safety chains is not only a legal requirement but also essential for safe towing. This equipment must also meet specific standards and weight ratings.

State-Specific Towing Laws

• Speed Limits: Many states have lower speed limits for vehicles that are towing. Adhering to these limits is vital for maintaining control of the vehicle.
• Brake Requirements: Some states require additional braking systems for towed vehicles or trailers above a certain weight. These systems help maintain safe stopping distances.
• Mirror Regulations: When towing, the ability to see behind and around the towed unit is necessary. Most states require additional side mirrors if the towed unit obstructs the driver’s view.

Double Towing or Triple Towing

• Legal Restrictions: Double towing, which involves towing two trailers or vehicles in tandem, is restricted or entirely illegal in many states. Knowing where double towing is allowed and under what conditions is essential for planning travel routes.
• Permits and Endorsements: In states where double towing is allowed, special permits or driver’s license endorsements may be required.

Lighting and Signage Requirements

• Visibility: All towed units must have operational lighting systems that sync with the driving vehicle, including brake lights, turn signals, and running lights. Some states also require reflective tape or additional lights for increased visibility.
• Signage: Depending on the size and type of the towed unit, “Wide Load” or similar signs might be required to alert other drivers, especially if the towed unit exceeds certain width or length thresholds.

Insurance and Documentation

• Insurance Coverage: Additional insurance coverage for the towed unit is often necessary. This insurance should cover both liability and physical damage in case of an accident.
• Registration and Documentation: Both the towing vehicle and the towed unit must be properly registered. In some cases, the towed unit might also need its own registration, particularly if it’s a motorized vehicle or a habitable trailer.

Crossing State Lines

• Compliance with Multiple Jurisdictions: When traveling across state lines, compliance with the towing laws of each state you enter is necessary. This can include adhering to the strictest regulations encountered along your route.
• International Towing: For those planning to tow an RV or trailer into another country, understanding international towing laws and obtaining the necessary permits is crucial.

Vehicle Import Regulations: Research the vehicle import rules of the destination country. Temporary import permits are often required, and there may be restrictions based on the vehicle’s age, emissions standards, or even size.

International Insurance and Roadside Assistance:

• International Insurance Coverage: Regular RV insurance may not cover international travel. Obtain an international insurance policy that includes liability, collision, and comprehensive coverage suitable for all the countries you plan to visit.
• International Roadside Assistance: Consider enrolling in an international roadside assistance program to handle potential issues like breakdowns or accidents.

Driving Laws and Road Conditions

• Understanding Local Laws: Driving laws, including speed limits, traffic signs, and local driving etiquette, can vary greatly between countries. Familiarize yourself with these laws to avoid fines and dangerous situations.
• Road Readiness: Research the road conditions of the countries you’ll be visiting. Some regions may have roads that are unsuitable for RVs, requiring detours or special preparations.

Customs and Border Crossings

• Border Inspection: Be prepared for vehicle inspections at borders. Keep a straightforward and organized record of your RV’s registration, insurance, and any necessary permits to facilitate smooth inspections.
• Prohibited Items: Different countries have different regulations on what can be brought across borders. Research prohibited items to avoid confiscation or penalties.

Health and Safety Precautions

• Vaccinations and Health Checks: Check if any vaccinations are required for entry into the countries you plan to visit, and plan for health checks if traveling during times of heightened health alerts.
• Safety Tips: Stay informed about the safety conditions of the areas you will travel through, especially if traveling in regions with higher risks of natural disasters or political instability.

Cultural Considerations and Etiquette

• Cultural Sensitivity: Be aware of cultural norms and practices in the countries you visit. This includes dress codes, gestures, and etiquette, which can be crucial in maintaining respectful and friendly interactions.
• Language Preparation: While English is widely spoken, having basic knowledge of the local language can greatly enhance your experience and interactions with locals.

Planning and Logistics

• Route Planning: Plan your route considering visa durations, weather conditions, and points of interest. Having a flexible itinerary can help manage any unexpected changes or challenges.
• Local Contacts and Resources: Establish contacts with local RV communities or travel clubs which can offer assistance, advice, and camaraderie during your journey.

Guns and Firearms

Transporting firearms in an RV requires careful adherence to both federal and state laws. Here’s what you need to keep in mind:

• Federal Law: Allows the transportation of legally owned firearms across state lines, provided they are unloaded and not easily accessible.
• State Laws: Vary significantly. Some states require permits or do not recognize permits from other states. Non-compliance can lead to the seizure of the firearm and the RV. They can also seize your towing or towed vehicle.

Marijuana

Despite its legalization in various states for medical or recreational use, marijuana remains illegal under federal law, which can create complications for RVers:

• Federal vs. State Law: Possession of marijuana on federal property or crossing into states where it is illegal can lead to civil forfeiture of your RV.
• Transporting Marijuana: Carrying marijuana across state lines is a federal offense, regardless of state laws, and can result in forfeiture.

Quick Tip: Before crossing state lines – you should completely rid your RV of all marijuana related items – especially if you’re traveling to or through a weed unfriendly state.

Quick Tip: To avoid getting stopped and searched – we only buy pre-rolls. That way we never have any leftover weed or paraphernalia as we’re traveling.

Quick Tip: CBD is legal in all 50 states – EXCEPT – Idaho / Nebraska / South Dakota

Other Risk Factors for Civil Forfeiture

RVers should also be aware of other activities that might lead to the seizure of their vehicle:

• Drug Trafficking: Beyond marijuana, carrying other illegal drugs can lead to accusations of trafficking, especially in large quantities.
• DUI/DWI: Operating an RV under the influence can result in the forfeiture of the vehicle, particularly in cases involving accidents or repeat offenses.
• Smuggling Illegal Goods: Transporting untaxed cigarettes, counterfeit items, or participating in wildlife trafficking can lead to forfeiture.
• Customs Violations: While crossing borders, having prohibited or undeclared goods can result in your RV being seized.
• Legal Debts: Unpaid fines, legal judgments, or taxes can lead to asset forfeiture in some jurisdictions.

Preventive Measures

To avoid the risk of civil forfeiture, RVers should:

• Comply with All Laws: Stay informed about the firearm and marijuana laws of every state you visit.
• Avoid Risky Behavior: Avoid driving under the influence and ensure you’re not carrying illegal goods, especially when crossing state lines or into federal areas.

Civil forfeiture remains a controversial issue due to its potential for abuse and the lack of a requirement for criminal charges.

The risk can be particularly high for RVers, who often cross multiple jurisdictions. Understanding and adhering to the law, and taking precautions can help minimize the risk of losing your vehicle to forfeiture.

By staying aware and prepared, RVers can enjoy their travels without the looming threat of civil forfeiture impacting their adventures.

Safe Travels!